CIVIL SEMINAR REPORT :GEOTHERMAL PILES
INTRODUCTION The issue of climate change is one of the greatest economic, social, and environmental challenges that the world has been exposed to. Countries, governments and individuals need to find … Read More
Category: Civil_World
CIVIL SEMINAR REPORT :USE OF GEOGRIDS IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
1.INTRODUCTION Geosynthetics provide significant improvement in pavement construction and performance. Figure 1 illustrates a number of potential geosynthetic applications in a layered pavement system to improve its performance. The reinforcement … Read More
KERALA MUNICIPALITY BUILDING RULES 1999
KERALA MUNICIPALITY BUILDING RULES 1999 S.R.O. No. 777/99.- In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 381, 382, 387, 398, and 406 read with section 565 of the Kerala Municipality … Read More
Stretching of a steel wire
One of the simplest loading conditions of a material is that of tension, in which the fibres of the material are stretched. Consider, for example, a long steel wire held rigidly … Read More
Basic and important requirements of amazing building
The planning and construction of a building should be aimed at fulfilling the following requirements: 1. Strength and stability 2. Dimensional stability 3. Resistance to dampness 4. Resistance to fire … Read More
ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING
The following are the basic elements of a building: 1. Foundation 2. Plinth 3. Walls and columns 4. Sills, lintels and chejjas 5. Doors and windows 6. Floors 7. Roofs … Read More
TESTS ON MORTAR
The following tests are conducted on the prepared mortars to ensure their quality: 1. Crushing Test 2. Tensile Strength Test 3. Adhesive Test. 1. Crushing Test: This test is carried … Read More
LIME MORTAR
Fat lime and hydraulic limes are used for making lime mortar. If fat lime is used sand mixed is normally 2 to 3 times its volume. If hydraulic lime is used … Read More
Cement mortar for ratio,mix sand proportions
For preparing mortar, first a mixture of cement and sand is made thoroughly mixing them in dry condition. Water is gradually added and mixed with shovels. The cement to sand … Read More
What are the Defects and Preservation in Timber
Various defects which are likely to occur in timber may be grouped into the following three: (i) Due to natural forces (ii) Due to defective seasoning and conversions. (iii) Due … Read More
Seasoning of Timber
This is a process by which moisture content in a freshly cut tree is reduced to a suitable level. By doing so the durability of timber is increased. The various … Read More
TIMBER :Classification and Properties of Timber
Timber refers to wood used for construction works. In fact the word timber is derived from an old English word ‘Timbrian’ which means ‘to build’. A tree that yields good wood … Read More
Physical Tests on Cement
(a) Soundness Test: It is conducted by sieve analysis. 100 gms of cement is taken and sieved through IS sieve No. 9 for fifteen minutes. Residue on the sieve is … Read More
Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement
(i) Chemical properties: Portland cement consists of the following chemical compounds: (a) Tricalcium silicate 3 CaO.SiO2 (C3S) … Read More
CEMENT : Types of Cement and Uses
Cement is a commonly used binding material in the construction. The cement is obtained by burning a mixture of calcarious (calcium) and argillaceous (clay) material at a very high temperature … Read More
LIME Types and their Properties,Tests on Limestones andUses of Lime
It is an important binding material used in building construction. Lime has been used as the material of construction from ancient time. When it is mixed with sand it provides lime … Read More
Classification of Bricks Based on their Quality and Uses of Bricks
Classification of Bricks Based on their Quality The bricks used in construction are classified as: (i) First class bricks (ii) Second class bricks (iii) Third class bricks and (iv) Fourth … Read More
Tests on Bricks
The following laboratory tests may be conducted on the bricks to find their suitability: (i) Crushing strength (ii) Absorption (iii) Shape and size and (iv) Efflorescence. (i) Crushing Strength: The … Read More
Building Material : Stone Types,Geological,Physical Classification Properties,requirements and Tests on Stones
Stone is a ‘naturally available building material’ which has been used from the early age of civilization.It is available in the form of rocks, which is cut to required size … Read More